The verb duddjut means the practice of duodji, and the term duodji is used when referring to the production of Sami art, handicrafts and similar activities. Hence, and in contrast to English and Norwegian terminology, the term duodji does not distinguish between crafts, arts, handicraft, artwork, wood art and so forth. Evaluating whether a produce is art or handicraft is thus irrelevant in the Sami tradition.

Duodji represents a cultural particularity emphasising diversity rather than specialisation. It is a distinctive aspect of the Sami culture, and despite regional differences there is an obvious relation to neighbouring cultures. The differences come forth in the choice of colours, design, use of fabric, ornamentals and industrial / practical design. Another aspect that is particular for duodji is the use of locally accessible material and an overly efficient use of any resources taken from nature. The character of the material is used efficiently and often in quite intricate ways, yet imported textiles and metals have for a long time been important in duodji.

Duodji is expressed in diverse ways. Traditionally the value of use and function was the main purpose, and hence the ornamental value was of less importance. The purpose / value of use would remain until the products could no longer be used due to breakage, nor repaired. This remains true, but the ornamental value is increasingly becoming more important.

Previously duodji was an obvious part of the Sami upbringing and teaching, but as society transformed into industrialisation and specialisation this has changed. The tendency has been furthered due to lesser needs for homemade products and due to the 'modern pace' not leaving space for time consuming activities such as duodji. Industrial produce has taken over where duodji traditionally ruled the ground. Certain production of clothing and other utilities is however still the norm, and this is particularly so in the reindeer husbandry industry.

In recent years duodji has experienced a renaissance and the reproduction of own costumes is a clear indication of how the Sami culture has gained recognition and renewed strength. Production for sale has become increasingly important in Sami societies all over the country and schools have also taken on the challenge in furthering duodji. Hence, duodji is still a living quality of the Sami culture

It is perceived that the duodji has an intrinsic value of being self-empowering. It is a creative source of pleasure that involves skills inherited from generations to generations. It contributes to strengthening family ties and the Sami sense of style and culture. It makes the creators an active participant in bringing Sami culture and traditions into modern society. In a similar spirit duodji has cultural, economical and artistic value for the maker.

Duodji in relation to dàidu (art):

In recent times a particular term for art, dàidu, has emerged. This came across when new Sami artists expanded traditional artwork, created new needs and started using different materials, symbols and techniques. The use of symbols and images is by no means new to the Sami culture, but in earlier times the use was confined to aspects of mythology and religion, i.e. rock carvings and the magic drum (runebommen).

Written by Hilda Vuolab, 09.02.2005

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